Paraffin wax (or petroleum wax) is a soft colorless solid derived from petroleum, coal or shale oil that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms. It is solid at room temperature and begins to melt above approximately 37 °C (99 °F), and its boiling point is above 370 °C (698 °F). Common applications for paraffin wax include lubrication, electrical insulation, and candles; dyed paraffin wax can be made into crayons. It is distinct from kerosene and other petroleum products that are sometimes called paraffin.
Un-dyed, unscented paraffin candles are odorless and bluish-white. Paraffin wax was first created by Carl Reichenbach in Germany in 1830 and marked a major advancement in candle making technology, as it burned more cleanly and reliably than tallow candles and was cheaper to produce.
In chemistry, paraffin is used synonymously with alkane, indicating hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. The name is derived from Latin parum (“barely”) + affinis, meaning “l(fā)acking affinity” or “l(fā)acking reactivity”, referring to paraffin’s unreactive nature.
Paraffin wax is derived from refining light to medium lubricating oil. It can be refined to be nearly colorless and odorless, making it easy to add to other products without changing the scent or color of the product. There are four most common uses for paraffin wax:
Candles
Paraffin wax candles were first used to replace tallow candles because they burn cleaner and more reliably. Paraffin wax is great for creating custom scented candles because it is colorless and odorless. Paraffin candles also burn brighter than other candle types.
Waterproofing
Paraffin is naturally water resistant. Paraffin wax coatings can be applied to a variety of products to make them waterproof, including matches, wood and bottles. To make your own waterproof matches, dip the match head in melted paraffin wax, remove it from the wax and blow on it to cool and harden the wax quickly.
Crayons
Paraffin wax is the primary ingredient in crayons that gives them their waxy texture. The wax, mixed with color pigments, is poured into a mold to form the crayon.
Friction Reducer
Since paraffin wax has lubricating properties, it is applied to a variety of products to reduce friction. Snowboarders, skateboarders and surfers apply paraffin wax to the bottom of their boards to help them glide easier.
Other uses as below,
Semi-refined and fully-refined paraffin wax, used in manufacturing candles, board, plastics, rubber etc.
Columnar paraffin wax can be used for manufacturing candle, high-frequency porcelain, carbon paper, stylus stencil, and precision casting. And another application, it can also be applied in the fields of paper making, telecommunication equipment manufacturing, light industry and chemical raw materials manufacturing.
In industrial applications, it is often useful to modify the crystal properties of the paraffin wax, typically by adding branching to the existing carbon backbone chain. The modification is usually done with additives, such as EVA copolymers, microcrystalline wax, or forms of polyethylene. The branched properties result in a modified paraffin with a higher viscosity, smaller crystalline structure, and modified functional properties. Pure paraffin wax is rarely used for carving original models for casting metal and other materials in the lost wax process, as it is relatively brittle at room temperature and presents the risks of chipping and breakage when worked. Soft and pliable waxes, like beeswax, may be preferred for such sculpture, but “investment casting waxes,” often paraffin-based, are expressly formulated for the purpose.
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最后更新: 2020-08-05 12:19:29
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Dongke, established in 2005, is a national high-tech enterprise, Specializing in the research and development, producing and sales of new materials, new energy, medicine and health.
